Computer Organization B.C.A Second Semester 18-21 March 2019

SAINTGITS COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES

SECOND INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION ANSWER KEY, MARCH2019

Department ofBCA, Semester II

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

Total    : 80 marks                                                                                          Time:3Hours

Section A

Answer any 10 questions. Each question carries 2 marks.

1.

Licensed from iStockPhoto. noun. The definition of instruction is the act of educating, giving the steps that must be followed or an order.

2.What is register?

a particular part of the range of a voice or instrument.

3.

RISC (reduced instruction set computer) is a microprocessor that is designed to perform a smaller number of types of computer instructions so that it can operate at a higher speed (perform more millions of instructions per second, or MIPS).

4.

A program counter is a register in a computer processor that contains the address (location) of the instruction being executed at the current time. As each instruction gets fetched, theprogram counter increases its stored value by 1.

5.

In computer central processing units, micro-operations (also known as micro-ops) are the functional or atomic, operations of a processor. These

6.

In computer central processing units, micro-operations (also known as micro-ops) are the functional or atomic, operations of a processor. These are low level instructions used in some designs to implement complex machine instructions. They generally perform operations on data stored in one or more registers.

7.

An array is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single type. The length of anarray is established when the array is created.

8.

Like registering your car with the DMV and registering for classes at the beginning of a semester. Someone needs to register all the ways you can use the word register: As a noun it means the actual book that you record things in.

9.

Data manipulation instructions perform operations on data and provide the computational capabilities for the computer. These instructions perform arithmetic, logic and shift operations. A subroutine callinstruction consists of an operation code together with an address that specifies the beginning of the subroutine.

10.

A load operation copies data from main memory into a register. A store operation copies data from a register into main memory . ... The sw instruction stores a word from a register into memory. Each instruction specifies a register and a memory address

11

1.      a system of formula notation without brackets or special punctuation, frequently used to represent the order in which arithmetical operations are performed in many computers and calculators. In the usual form ( reverse Polish notation ), operators follow rather than precede their operands.

12.

            Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is high-speed static random access memory (SRAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular random access memory (RAM).

                                                                                                            (10 X 2 = 20 marks)

Section B

Answer any 6 questions. Each question carries 5 marks.

13.

Static random-access memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory that uses bistable latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM exhibits data remanence, but it is still volatile in the conventional sense that data is eventually lost when the memory is not powered.

14. ROM.

·         PROM.

·         EPROM.

·         EEPROM.

·         Flash memory.

15.

Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is high-speed static random access memory (SRAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular random access memory (RAM).

16.

Auxiliary memory, also known as auxiliary storage, secondary storage, secondary memory or external memory, is a non-volatile memory (does not lose stored data when the device is powered down) that is not directly accessible by the CPU, because it is not accessed via the input/output channels (it is an external device).

17. a mode of operation in which a process is split into parts, which are executed simultaneously on different processors attached to the same computer.

18.

In computing, a vector processor or array processor is a central processing unit (CPU) that implements an instruction set containing instructions that operate on one-dimensional arrays of data called vectors, compared to scalar processors, whose instructions operate on single data items.

19.

The major difference between the contents of a direct and indirect map is that adirect map is complete of itself, whereas an indirect map requires additional information from the master map or the automount command line.

20.

Timing and Control. All sequential circuits in the Basic Computer CPU are driven by a master clock, with the exception of the INPR register. At each clock pulse, thecontrol unit sends control signals to control inputs of the bus, the registers, and the ALU. ... A microprogrammed control unit is built from some sort of ROM ...

21.

(6 X 5 = 30marks)

Data manipulation instructions perform operations on data and provide the computational capabilities for the computer. These instructions perform arithmetic, logic and shift operations. A subroutine callinstruction consists of an operation code together with an address that specifies the beginning of the subroutine.

Section C

Answer any 2questions. It carries 15marks.

22.

STACK ORGANIZATION
Stack is a storage structure that stores information in such a way that the last item stored is the first item retrieved. It is based on the principle of LIFO (Last-in-first-out). The stack in digital computers is a group of memory locations with a register that holds the address of top of element. This register that holds the address of top of element of the stack is called Stack Pointer.

Stack Operations
The two operations of a stack are:

1.      Push:        Inserts an item on top of stack.

2.      Pop:          Deletes an item from top of stack.

Implementation of Stack
In digital computers, stack can be implemented in two ways:

1.      Register Stack

2.      Memory Stack

23.

Pipelining is the process of accumulating instruction from the processor through a pipeline. It allows storing and executing instructions in an orderly process. It is also known as pipeline processing.

Pipelining is a technique where multiple instructions are overlapped during execution. Pipeline is divided into stages and these stages are connected with one another to form a pipe like structure. Instructions enter from one end and exit from another end.

Pipelining increases the overall instruction throughput.

In pipeline system, each segment consists of an input register followed by a combinational circuit. The register is used to hold data and combinational circuit performs operations on it. The output of combinational circuit is applied to the input register of the next segment.

Pipeline system is like the modern day assembly line setup in factories. For example in a car manufacturing industry, huge assembly lines are setup and at each point, there are robotic arms to perform a certain task, and then the car moves on ahead to the next arm.

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Types of Pipeline

It is divided into 2 categories:

1.      Arithmetic Pipeline

2.      Instruction Pipeline

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24. Immediate Addressing Mode – In immediate addressing mode the source operand is always data. ...

·         Register Addressing Mode – ...

·         Direct Addressing Mode – ...

·         Register Indirect Addressing Mode – ...

·         Implied/Implicit Addressing Mode –

25                                                                                                                   

Cache definition : The Cache Memory (Pronounced as "cash") is the volatile computermemory which is very nearest to the CPU so also called CPU memory, all the Recent Instructions are Stored into the Cache Memory. It is the fastest memory that provides high-speed data access to a computer microprocessor. Cache meaning is that it is used for storing the input which is given by the user and which is necessary for the computer microprocessor to Perform a Task. But the Capacity of the Cache Memory is too low in compare to Memory (random access memory (RAM)) and Hard Disk.