UG-Open Course - Computer Fundamentals, Internet and MS-Office, Second Internal Exam, October 2023

Section A

Answer any 10questions.Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Define operating system.

An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API).

2. List the various technologies used in the first four generations.

Generations of computers	Generations timeline	Evolving hardware
First generation	1940s-1950s	Vacuum tube based
Second generation	1950s-1960s	Transistor based
Third generation	1960s-1970s	Integrated circuit based
Fourth generation	1970s-present	Microprocessor based

3.Differentiate between workbook and worksheet in Excel.

A Worksheet is basically a single-page spreadsheet containing information. A workbook is a file that contains multiple spreadsheets. A worksheet contains a matrix of rectangular cells, organized in a form of rows and columns. A workbook contains one or more worksheets, consisting of related information.

4.What is an Intranet?

Ans: The word “intra” means within, and for the organization, it is within the organization. For external people, this information is not available anywhere. That is why it is many times referred to as the internal information. It is defined as private network of computers within an organization with its own server and firewall.

5.Distinguish between web server and web browser.

Basis for comparison	Web browser	Web server
Basic	Software which acts as an interface between server and client, and displays web documents to the client.	Software and a system which maintain the web applications, generate response and accept clients data.
Primary role	Send HTTP request and get HTTP response.	Get HTTP requests and send HTTP responses.
Processing Models	There doesn’t exist any processing model.	Process based, Thread based and Hybrid

6.State the significance of Electronic Mail.

Ans: Email is important for communication because it allows users to send information in letter format, and email can replace traditional mail options. Emails can be more beneficial for communication because they can often include text, documents and multimedia, like photos and videos.

7.What are quick access toolbar?

Ans: The Quick Access Toolbar lets you access common commands no matter which tab is selected. By default, it includes the Save, Undo and Redo commands. You can add other commands depending on your preference.

8.What is the use of tab setting?

Ans: Tabs in Word let you add horizontal space in the middle of a line that contains text or numbers. Users can add a tab by pressing the "Tab" key on their keyboards. This action adds a tab and automatically creates half an inch of horizontal space.

9.How to create a new workbook in Excel?

Click the File tab. Click New. Under Available Templates, double-click Blank Workbook. Keyboard shortcut To quickly create a new, blank workbook, you can also press CTRL+N.

10. Specify the working of Average function in Excel using an example.

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. For example, if the range A1:A20 contains numbers, the formula =AVERAGE(A1:A20) returns the average of those numbers.

11.How can we draw on slides using a presentation?

Ans: Go to Insert tab, Table command and click on Draw table.

12.What is a presentation template?

Ans: A presentation template is a pattern or blueprint of a slide or group of slides that you save as a .potx file. Templates can contain layouts, colors, fonts, effects, background styles, and even content. You can create your own custom templates and store them, reuse them, and share them with others.

Section B

Answer any 6 questions. Each question carries 5 marks.

13.Compare the features of mainframe and supercomputers.

S.NO	Supercomputer	Mainframe Computer
1.	Supercomputers are used for large and complex mathematical computations.	While Mainframe computers are used as a storage for large databases and serve as a maximum number of users simultaneously.
2.	Supercomputer’s speed is more than Mainframe computer. It can execute billions of instructions within a second.	Mainframe computer’s speed is comparatively less than Supercomputers. In these millions of instructions are executed simultaneously.
3.	Supercomputers are the largest computers.	Mainframe computers are smaller than supercomputers in size.
4.	Supercomputers are the costliest in the world.	Mainframe computers are less costly than supercomputers.
5.	In the present, the supercomputers have Linux and their variant operating systems.	While Mainframe computers can have multiple operating systems simultaneously.
6.	Super computers are mostly purpose-built for one or a few specific institutional tasks.	Mainframe computers are built to handle a large variety of tasks.
7.	Seymour Cray invents the Supercomputer.	The first successful mainframe computer is invented by IBM.
8.	Supercomputers can have a processing speed in the range of 100 to 900 MIPS.	Whereas Mainframe computers can have a processing speed in the range of 3-4 MIPS to as high as 100 MIPS.
9.	Supercomputers find their application in fields like nuclear weapon simulation, etc.	Mainframe computers find their application in fields such as finance, health, etc.

14. Explain different types of networks.

	PAN	LAN	CAN	MAN
Full Name	Personal Area Network	Local Area Network	Campus Area Network	Metropolitan Area Network	Wide Area Network
Technology	Bluetooth, IrDA,Zigbee	Ethernet & Wifi	Ethernet	FDDI, CDDi. ATM	Leased Line, Dial-Up
Range	1-100 m	Upto 2km	1 – 5 km	5-50 km	Above 50 km
Transmission Speed	Very High	Very High	High	Average	Low
Ownership	Private	Private	Private	Private or Public	Private or Public
Maintenance	Very Easy	Easy	Moderate	Difficult	Very Difficult
Cost	Very Low	Low	Moderate	High	Very High

15.Briefly explain about IP Addresses. Compare IPv4 and IPv6 addressing.

Ans: An IP address is a string of numbers separated by periods. IP addresses are expressed as a set of four numbers — an example address might be 192.158.1.38. Each number in the set can range from 0 to 255. So, the full IP addressing range goes from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

IP addresses are not random. They are mathematically produced and allocated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), a division of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). ICANN is a non-profit organization that was established in the United States in 1998 to help maintain the security of the internet and allow it to be usable by all. Each time anyone registers a domain on the internet, they go through a domain name registrar, who pays a small fee to ICANN to register the domain.

IPv4	IPv6
IPv4 has a 32-bit address length	IPv6 has a 128-bit address length
It Supports Manual and DHCP address configuration	It supports Auto and renumbering address configuration
In IPv4 end to end, connection integrity is Unachievable	In IPv6 end-to-end, connection integrity is Achievable
It can generate 4.29×109 address space	The address space of IPv6 is quite large it can produce 3.4×1038 address space
The Security feature is dependent on the application	IPSEC is an inbuilt security feature in the IPv6 protocol
Address representation of IPv4 is in decimal	Address Representation of IPv6 is in hexadecimal
IPv4’s IP addresses are divided into five different classes. Class A , Class B, Class C, Class D , Class E.	IPv6 does not have any classes of the IP address.

16.Describe the features of WWW.

Ans: The World Wide Web provides the following features:

1) HyperText Information System:

Hypertext is a system for linking related text documents that allow the participation of multiple users. In a hypertext document, any word or phrase can be “hyperlinked” to information related to that word or phrase residing in the same document or another document.

2) Cross-Platform

Cross-platform apps are the ones with built-in web languages (like JavaScript) that can be later pulled (f.e. through React Native) as native apps able to work on any operating system and device.

Cross-platform apps are great when you want to : Build your app 50% faster. Build one app for both iOS and Android.

3) Distributed

WWW is a distributed client-server service. In this, a client can access the services from a server using a browser. These services are usually distributed over many locations called sites or websites. From the user's point of view, the web consists of a vast worldwide collection of documents called web pages.

4) Open Standards and Open Source

WWW provides the features of Open standards and Open source. An open standard is a standard that is freely available for adoption, implementation, and updates. A few famous examples of open standards are XML, SQL, and HTML.

Businesses within an industry share open standards because this allows them to bring huge value to both themselves and their customers.

Open-source software is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code to anyone and for any purpose.

17.What are the use of Microsoft word?

Ans: Given below are the different fields in which MS Word is used and simplifies the work of an individual:

In Education: It is considered as one of the simplest tools which can be used by both teachers and students. Creating notes is easier using MS Word as they can be made more interactive by adding shapes and images. It is also convenient to make assignments on MS Word and submitting them online

In Workplace: Submitting letters, bills, creating reports, letterheads, sample documents, can all easily be done using MS Word

Creating & Updating Resume: One of the best tools to create your resumes and is easy to edit and make changes in it as per your experience

For Authors: Since separate options are available for bibliography, table of contents, etc., it is the best tool which can be used by authors for writing books and adjusting it as per the layout and alignment of your choice

18.What is a spreadsheet? What are its advantages?

A spreadsheet is a computer application for computation, organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form. Spreadsheets were developed as computerized analogs of paper accounting worksheets.

1)Spreadsheets are free.

2)Spreadsheets require minimal training.

3)Spreadsheets are customizable.

4)Spreadsheets can be more collaborative than other tools.

5)It’s easy to manipulate and analyze data.

6)You can integrate spreadsheets with certain tools.

7)Spreadsheets are quick and easy to add into a workflow.

8)Spreadsheets are fantastic tools for financial documents.

9)You have access to countless spreadsheet templates.

10)You can visualize data (with caveats).

19.Explain with example different mathematical functions in Excel.

SUM: This function adds all the values of the cells in the argument.

AVERAGE: This function determines the average of the values included in the argument. It calculates the sum of the cells and then divides that value by the number of cells in the argument.

COUNT: This function counts the number of cells with numerical data in the argument. This function is useful for quickly counting items in a cell range.

MAX: This function determines the highest cell value included in the argument.

MIN: This function determines the lowest cell value included in the argument.

20.Explain different types of charts in MS Power Point.

Ans: Different types of charts in MS Power Point are:

Column Chart
Line Chart
Bar Chart
Area chart
Pie chart or Doughnut chart
XY Scatter chart

1) Column Charts:

A column chart is basically a vertical chart that is used to represent the data in vertical bars. It works efficiently with different types of data, but it is usually used for comparing the information.

For example, a company wants to see each month sell graphically and also wants to compare them. Column charts are best for it that help to analyze and compare each month's data with each other.

Excel offers 2D and 3D column charts.

2) Line Chart:

Line charts are most useful for showing trends. Using this chart, you can easily analyze the ups and downs in your data over time. In this chart, data points are connected with lines. For example, a company wants to analyze the sell of products for the last five years graphically. Additionally, it also wants to analyze the ups and downs of each year product sell.

Excel offers 2D and 3D line charts.

3) Bar chart:

Bar charts are horizontal bars that work like column charts. Unlike column charts, Bar charts are horizontally plotted. Or you can say that bar charts and column charts are just opposite to each other.

For example, a company uses the bar chart to analyze the data through vertical bars to represent the data graphically. You can see as well as compare the values to each other, respective to data.

4) Area chart:

Area charts are just like line charts. Unlike the line charts, gaps are filled with color in area charts. Area charts are easy to analyze the growth in business as its shows ups and downs through line.

Similar to the line charts, data points in area charts are connected with lines.

5) Pie chart:

A pie chart is a rounded shape graph that is divided into slices of pie. Using this chart, you can easily analyze data that is divided into slices. It makes the data easy to compare the proportion.

Pie charts make it easy to analyze which values make up the percentage of whole. Pie chart is also known as Doughnut chart. Excel offers 2D and 3D pie charts.

6) XY Scatter Chart:

21.Assume that a slide contains three components. Explain the steps to animate them so that one by one entry is made automatic.

Ans: PowerPoint allows you to animate any slide object that can be selected on your slide. Such objects include pictures, shapes, text, bulleted lists, Smart Art graphics, charts. You can tweak the way objects on your slides appear, move and disappear only after adding animation to a shape in PowerPoint 2013.

1.Open a new presentation and insert a shape. Or open any existing presentation you have, and select an unanimated slide object to which you want to add animation. Figure 1, below shows a Star shape is selected – with the shape selected, click the Animations tab of the Ribbon.

2. Within the Animations tab, click the Add Animation button.

3. This opens the Add Animation drop-down gallery, as shown in Figure 3. Within this gallery, you will find four animation types: Entrance, Emphasis, Exit and Motion Paths. If you cannot see all the animations, especially the Motion Path animation types, you can scroll down to see them all.

4. Within the Add Animation drop-down gallery, click any of the animation effect thumbnails to apply the animation to the selected slide object. This will cause the selected slide object to animate once, so as to preview the selected animation.

If you want to explore more Entrance animation effects, select the More Entrance Effects option within the Add Animation drop-down gallery. This launches the Add Entrance Effect dialog box as shown in Figure. Within this dialog box, the Entrance animation effects are grouped into four different categories named Basic, Subtle, Moderate and Exciting. Select any one of these Entrance animation effects and click the Ok button to apply it to the selected shape.

Section C

Answer any 2 questions. Each question carries 15 marks

22. a) Provide an insight on the history of computers.

Since the evolution of humans, devices have been used for calculations for thousands of years. One of the earliest and most well-known devices was an abacus. Then in 1822, the father of computers, Charles Babbage began developing what would be the first mechanical computer. (5 marks)

b) Write an essay on five generations of computers (10 marks)

There are six types of generation of computers: First Generation: Vacuum Tube Second Generation: Transistor Third Generation: Integrated Circuit Fourth Generation: Microprocessor Fifth Generation: Parallel Processing Sixth Generation:Reduced Instruction Set Chip (RISC) FIRST GENERATION1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes The first ...

23.Explain the concept of Index in MS-Word and also how to create an index. (8 marks). Discuss about AutoCorrect and AutoFormat options in MS Word. (7 marks).

Ans: Working with index: Adding an index to a long document make it easy for readers to quickly locate information in the document. It is easy to add an index in Microsoft Word. First you mark the entries you would like to have appear in the index and then you insert the index.

Marking Entries:

To mark entries in a Microsoft Word Document:

1. Select the text you wish to mark.

2. Click on the References tab and from the Index group, click Mark Entry:

3. In the Mark Index Entry dialog box, the selected text will appear as the Main Entry.

4. Select Mark to mark only this instance of the entry for inclusion in the index. Select Mark All to select all instances of the entry for inclusion in the index.

5. Click Close.

Inserting an Index:

To insert an index into a Microsoft Word document:

1. Place your cursor in the document where you would like the index to appear.

2. Click on the References tab and from the Index group, click Insert Index.

3. In the Index dialog box, choose the options you prefer and click ok.

Using Index Auto-Mark Files:

You can speed up the process of adding an index to a large document by creating a concordance file, which is a list of all terms you want to index, and then automating the process.

To create an concordance file and use it to auto-mark items.

1. Create a two column table in a new Word document. On the left, type words you Word to search for and on the right, type the index entry for the text on the left. For a subentry, type the main item followed by a colon and the subentry. Save the file.

2. Open the document to index and from the References tab, in the Index group, select Insert Index.

3. Select Automark.

4. Select the concordance file and click Open.

5. Word searches the document and marks found entries with “XE” followed by the specified index information.

6. Place the cursor where you want to insert the index and select Insert Index from the References tab.

To use autocorrect in Microsoft Word:

1. Open your Word document.

2. Click on the "File" tab.

3. Select "Options" at the bottom of the left navigation pane.

4. In the Word Options dialog box, click on "Proofing."

5. Click on the "AutoCorrect Options" button.

Here, you can add your own corrections and customize the autocorrect settings. For example, you can set Word to automatically correct certain typos or replace specific abbreviations with full words. Make sure to click "OK" to save your changes. Autocorrect will now operate based on the settings you've configured.

To use AutoFormat in Microsoft Word:

1. Open your Word document.

2. Click on the "File" tab.

3. Select "Options" at the bottom of the left navigation pane.

4. In the Word Options dialog box, click on "Proofing."

5. Click on the "AutoFormat As You Type" tab.

Here, you can enable or disable various AutoFormat options, such as formatting fractions, creating bulleted or numbered lists, and applying automatic formatting for headings. Adjust the settings according to your preferences and click "OK" to apply the changes. Word will now automatically format your text based on the chosen AutoFormat options as you type.

24.What is the use of charts and graphs in Excel? How to add charts in Excel ? Explain different types of charts.

Ans: Charts are used to display series of numeric data in a graphical format to make it easier to understand large quantities of data and the relationship between different series of data. Excel supports many types of charts to help you display data in ways that are meaningful to your audience

Create a chart

1)Click anywhere in the data for which you want to create a chart. ...

2)Select Insert > Charts > and the chart type you want.

3)On the menu that opens, select the option you want. ...

4)To edit the chart (titles, legends, data labels), select the Chart tab and then select Format.

Types of charts:

Bar/Column Graphs

A bar graph shows information about two or more groups. Bar graphs are mainly used to make comparisons across a range.

Pie Graphs

A pie chart is nothing but a circular graph representing data in the form of a pie/circle. It is divided into different sections, each one representing a proportion of the whole.

Line Graphs

A line graph is formed by connecting a series of values/data points using straight lines. A line graph can be used when you want to check whether the values are increasing or decreasing over some time.

Scatter Plot

A scatter plot, also called a coordinate graph, uses dots to represent the data values for two different variables, one on each axis. This graph is used to find a pattern/ relationship between two sets of data.

Area Chart

An area chart depicts the change of two or more data points over time. They are similar to the line charts, except the area charts are filled with color below the line. This chart is useful to visualize the area of various series relative to each other.

25.Explain the steps to create a presentation having 4 slides to show details of subjects of your programme?

Ans: Inserting Slides: There are two ways to add new slides to your presentation. New slides are automatically inserted after the currently selected slide, and by default will take on the layout and theme of the preceding slide.

a) Quick Menu Options: To insert a new slide using the Quick Menu, in the slides panel right click the slide after which you want a new slide inserted and select New Slide.