SCAS - BCA ANSWER SCHEMES

  Solutions – Machine Learning Section A 1.     Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is an optimization algorithm used for training machine learning models, particularly neural networks. It is a variant of gradient descent that updates model parameters using only a single data point (or a small batch) at a time. 2.     MTL can be useful in many applications such as natural language processing, computer vision, and healthcare, where multiple tasks are related or have some commonalities. It is also useful when the data is limited, MTL can help to improve the generalization performance of the model by leveraging the information shared across tasks. 3.     A regularized problem incorporates a regularization term into the objective function to prevent overfitting and improve model generalization. Regularization adds a penalty to the loss function based on the complexity of the model parameters. n under-constrained problem occurs when t...

  Solutions – Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Section A 1. Graphs are collections of vertices (points) connected by edges (line segments), forming paths and cycles. Matching in graphs can be used to identify patterns, find optimal routes, and analyze relationships. 2. Uninformed search techniques, also known as blind search techniques, are a category of search algorithms that operate without any additional information about the goal's location beyond the problem's definition. These algorithms do not have any domain-specific knowledge or heuristic function to guide the search. They explore the search space in a systematic way, generating all possible states and paths to find a solution. Here are the names of common uninformed search techniques: 1.     Breadth-First Search (BFS) 2.     Depth-First Search (DFS) 3.     Uniform Cost Search (UCS) 4.     Depth-Limited Search (DLS) 5.     I...

  Section A Answer any 5 questions. Each question carries 2 marks. 1. Statistics – Method of obtaining and analysing numerical facts and figures in order to arrive at some decisions. 2. Frequency curve – A continuous frequency distribution can be represented by a smooth curve known as frequency curve. 3. Primary data- Collected by the investigator for the first time. 4. Cartograms – Statistical maps used to furnish information on geographical basis. 5. Questionnaire – Form which an informant is expected to fill himself. 6. Pie diagram – Data shown by means of a circle and the divisions by the sectors of the circle.                                                            ...

  1.ALU means… ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): 2.  Register: A register is a small, fast storage location within the CPU that temporarily holds data and instructions being processed. Registers facilitate quick access to frequently used data during computation. 3.  Cache Memory: Cache memory is a high-speed storage layer that temporarily stores frequently accessed data and instructions from the main memory (RAM) so the CPU can retrieve them more quickly. It improves overall processing speed by reducing the time it takes to access data.   4.  Software: Software refers to a set of programs, instructions, or data that a computer uses to perform tasks and operations. It can be categorized into two types: system software (such as operating systems) and application software (such as word processors, games, and databases). 5. Ring Topology: Ring topology is a network configuration in which each device (or node) is connected to two other devices, forming a cl...